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Dermoid Cyst of the Anterior Fontanelle: A Case Report and Literature Review

Received: 23 September 2022     Accepted: 11 October 2022     Published: 21 October 2022
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Abstract

Background: Dermoid cysts are benign congenital lesions that usually appear on the surface of the skull mainly at the anterior fontanelle. They develop from abnormal sequestration and inclusion of the surface ectoderm along the lines of skin fusion during embryologic development. They are rare lesions and characterized by the presence of hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. It is described predominantly in children. Besides physical evaluation, diagnostic imaging such as ultrasonography, computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging are necessary to correctly analyse these lesions. Here, we report a case about dermoid cyst of the anterior fontanelle which was managed successfully by surgery. Case information: We describe a case of a 7-years-old male, who was admitted to the neurosurgery department of Yalgado Ouedraogo teaching Hospital for a scalp swelling evolving since birth. The swelling increased in size progressively but was not painful. Computed tomography of the head revealed extracranial cystic lesion over the bregma with no intracranial extension. Cyst was excised completely with no postoperative complications. On histopathology, it was dermoid cyst. Conclusion: Few cases of bregmatic dermoid cysts of the scalp have been reported in the literature. The present paper analyses a case of dermoid cyst of the anterior fontanelle in a child and reviews the available literature. It is important to remember that theses lesions must be diagnosed and treated early by neurosurgeons in the view of varied differential diagnosis and to avoid more extensive surgeries.

Published in International Journal of Neurosurgery (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijn.20220602.20
Page(s) 90-93
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Dermoid Cyst, Anterior Fontanelle, Scalp, Neurosurgery

References
[1] Ravi D. Bregmatic dermoid cyst in a patent anterior fontanelle. J Neurosci Rural Pr. 2013; 4 (1): 2–5.
[2] Ponce-ayala A, Llano JPN De, Degollado-garcia J, Hernández-álvarez N. Anterior Fontanelle Dermoid Cyst : Surgical Technique. Cureus. 2021; 13 (7): 1–8.
[3] Prior A, Anania P, Pacetti M, Secci F, Ravegnani M, Pavanello M, et al. Dermoid and Epidermoid Cysts of Scalp : Case Series of 234 Consecutive Patients. World Neurosurg. 2018; 120: 119–24.
[4] Orozco-covarrubias L, Lara-carpio R, Saez-de-ocariz M, Duran-mckinster C, Palacios-lopez C, Ruiz-maldonado R. Dermoid Cysts : A Report of 75 Pediatric Patients. Pediatr Dermatol. 2013; 1–6.
[5] Khalid S, Ruge J. Considerations in the management of congenital cranial dermoid cysts. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2017; 21: 1–5.
[6] Udina C, Calligaris L, Berti I, Cattaruzzi E, Barbi E. Inclusion cyst of anterior fontanelle. Arch Dis Child. 2018; 0: 1.
[7] Aslan O, Äozveren F, Kotil K, Ozdemir B, Kusçuoglu U, Bilge T. Congenital Dermoid Cyst of the Anterior Fontanelle in Turkish Children. Neurol Med Chir. 2004; 44: 2003–5.
[8] Alperin E, Boulouis G, Méary E, Legrand L, Mellerio C, Laouisset L, et al. Tumeurs de la voûte crânienne. EMC - Radiol Imag Méd. 2022; 14 (19): 1–22.
[9] Reissis D, Pfaff MJ, Steinbacher DM. Craniofacial Dermoid Cysts : Histological Analysis and Inter-site Comparison. Yale J Biol Med. 2014; 87: 349–57.
[10] Saadi A, Boutarfa A, BouaIta K, Guenane L, Abdennebi B. kyste epidermoide congénitale de la fontanelle antéreieure. J Neurochir. 2017; 25: 5.
[11] Sinclair RD, Darley C, Dawber RPR. Congenital inclusion dermoid cysts of the scalp. Australas J Dermatol. 1992; 33: 135–40.
[12] Yoon SH, Park S. A study of 77 cases of surgically excised scalp and skull masses in pediatric patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 2008; 24: 459–65.
[13] Barnett RR, Elton SW. Masses of the Scalp and Skull in Children. Pediatr Clin N Am. 2021; 68 (4): 743–57.
[14] Tanwir A, Malik N, Javed G, Idrees R. Dermoid cyst with no intracranial extension : A case report and literature review. Surg Neurol Int. 2019; 10: 25.
[15] Takeshi K, Masato S, Hiroyuki N, Shunsuke Y. Cranial dermoid cyst with long-term development treated by ethanol sclerotherapy : a case report. Case Rep Plast Surg. 2020; 7 (1): 130–3.
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  • APA Style

    Sanou Abdoulaye, Ouattara Ousmane, Comboigo Somnéré Louis Junior, Sabourin Justo Luis Delis, Haro Yakouba, et al. (2022). Dermoid Cyst of the Anterior Fontanelle: A Case Report and Literature Review. International Journal of Neurosurgery, 6(2), 90-93. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijn.20220602.20

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    ACS Style

    Sanou Abdoulaye; Ouattara Ousmane; Comboigo Somnéré Louis Junior; Sabourin Justo Luis Delis; Haro Yakouba, et al. Dermoid Cyst of the Anterior Fontanelle: A Case Report and Literature Review. Int. J. Neurosurg. 2022, 6(2), 90-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ijn.20220602.20

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    AMA Style

    Sanou Abdoulaye, Ouattara Ousmane, Comboigo Somnéré Louis Junior, Sabourin Justo Luis Delis, Haro Yakouba, et al. Dermoid Cyst of the Anterior Fontanelle: A Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Neurosurg. 2022;6(2):90-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ijn.20220602.20

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijn.20220602.20,
      author = {Sanou Abdoulaye and Ouattara Ousmane and Comboigo Somnéré Louis Junior and Sabourin Justo Luis Delis and Haro Yakouba and Zoungrana Inoussa and Zabsonre Denléwendé Sylvain and Kabre Abel},
      title = {Dermoid Cyst of the Anterior Fontanelle: A Case Report and Literature Review},
      journal = {International Journal of Neurosurgery},
      volume = {6},
      number = {2},
      pages = {90-93},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijn.20220602.20},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijn.20220602.20},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijn.20220602.20},
      abstract = {Background: Dermoid cysts are benign congenital lesions that usually appear on the surface of the skull mainly at the anterior fontanelle. They develop from abnormal sequestration and inclusion of the surface ectoderm along the lines of skin fusion during embryologic development. They are rare lesions and characterized by the presence of hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. It is described predominantly in children. Besides physical evaluation, diagnostic imaging such as ultrasonography, computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging are necessary to correctly analyse these lesions. Here, we report a case about dermoid cyst of the anterior fontanelle which was managed successfully by surgery. Case information: We describe a case of a 7-years-old male, who was admitted to the neurosurgery department of Yalgado Ouedraogo teaching Hospital for a scalp swelling evolving since birth. The swelling increased in size progressively but was not painful. Computed tomography of the head revealed extracranial cystic lesion over the bregma with no intracranial extension. Cyst was excised completely with no postoperative complications. On histopathology, it was dermoid cyst. Conclusion: Few cases of bregmatic dermoid cysts of the scalp have been reported in the literature. The present paper analyses a case of dermoid cyst of the anterior fontanelle in a child and reviews the available literature. It is important to remember that theses lesions must be diagnosed and treated early by neurosurgeons in the view of varied differential diagnosis and to avoid more extensive surgeries.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Dermoid Cyst of the Anterior Fontanelle: A Case Report and Literature Review
    AU  - Sanou Abdoulaye
    AU  - Ouattara Ousmane
    AU  - Comboigo Somnéré Louis Junior
    AU  - Sabourin Justo Luis Delis
    AU  - Haro Yakouba
    AU  - Zoungrana Inoussa
    AU  - Zabsonre Denléwendé Sylvain
    AU  - Kabre Abel
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijn.20220602.20
    T2  - International Journal of Neurosurgery
    JF  - International Journal of Neurosurgery
    JO  - International Journal of Neurosurgery
    SP  - 90
    EP  - 93
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-1959
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijn.20220602.20
    AB  - Background: Dermoid cysts are benign congenital lesions that usually appear on the surface of the skull mainly at the anterior fontanelle. They develop from abnormal sequestration and inclusion of the surface ectoderm along the lines of skin fusion during embryologic development. They are rare lesions and characterized by the presence of hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. It is described predominantly in children. Besides physical evaluation, diagnostic imaging such as ultrasonography, computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging are necessary to correctly analyse these lesions. Here, we report a case about dermoid cyst of the anterior fontanelle which was managed successfully by surgery. Case information: We describe a case of a 7-years-old male, who was admitted to the neurosurgery department of Yalgado Ouedraogo teaching Hospital for a scalp swelling evolving since birth. The swelling increased in size progressively but was not painful. Computed tomography of the head revealed extracranial cystic lesion over the bregma with no intracranial extension. Cyst was excised completely with no postoperative complications. On histopathology, it was dermoid cyst. Conclusion: Few cases of bregmatic dermoid cysts of the scalp have been reported in the literature. The present paper analyses a case of dermoid cyst of the anterior fontanelle in a child and reviews the available literature. It is important to remember that theses lesions must be diagnosed and treated early by neurosurgeons in the view of varied differential diagnosis and to avoid more extensive surgeries.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Neurosurgery Department, Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital, Joseph Ki Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

  • Surgery Department, Souro Sanou Teaching Hospital, Nazi Boni University, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

  • Surgery Department, Regional Teaching Hospital of Ouahigouya, University of Ouahigouya, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso

  • Neurosurgery Department, Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital, Joseph Ki Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

  • Neurosurgery Department, Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital, Joseph Ki Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

  • Neurosurgery Department, Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital, Joseph Ki Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

  • Neurosurgery Department, Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital, Joseph Ki Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

  • Neurosurgery Department, Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital, Joseph Ki Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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